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Buddy Holly
Buddy Holly in concert
Background information
Birth name	Charles Hardin Holley
Born	September 7, 1936(1936-09-07)
Origin	Lubbock, Texas U.S.
Died	February 3, 1959 (aged 22)
Genre(s)	Rock and roll
Occupation(s)	Singer-songwriter, Guitarist
Instrument(s)	Vocals, Guitar
Years active	1956 – 1959
Label(s)	Decca
Associated acts	The Crickets
Website	BuddyHolly.com
Notable instrument(s)
Fender Stratocaster

Charles Hardin Holley (September 7, 1936 – February 3, 1959),^[1] better known as Buddy Holly, was an American singer, songwriter, and a pioneer of rock and roll. The change of spelling of "Holley" to "Holly" came about because of an error in a contract he was asked to sign, listing him as Buddy Holly.^[2] That spelling was then adopted for his professional career.

In 2004, Rolling Stone Magazine ranked him #13 on their list of the 100 Greatest Artists of All Time.^[3] Although his career was cut short, his body of work is considered among the most influential in rock.^{[citation needed]} His works and innovations were copied by his contemporaries and those who were to follow, including The Beatles and The Rolling Stones, and had a profound influence on popular music.

Contents 1 Biography 2 Death 3 Posthumous record releases 4 Style 5 Influence 6 Film and musical depictions 7 Tributes 7.1 Songs 7.2 Monuments 7.3 Other 8 Buddy Holly in popular culture 9 Discography 10 References 10.1 Literature 11 External links

Buddy Holly was born Charles Hardin Holley in Lubbock, Texas^[4] to Lawrence Odell Holley and Ella Pauline Drake in 1936. The Holleys were a musical family, and, as a young boy, Holley learned to play the violin (his brothers oiled the strings so much that no one could hear him play), piano and guitar. In the fall of 1949, he met Bob Montgomery in Hutchinson Junior High School. They shared a common interest in music and soon teamed up as the duo "Buddy and Bob." Initially influenced by bluegrass music, they sang harmony duets at local clubs and high school talent shows. His musical interests grew throughout high school while singing in the Lubbock High School Choir.^[5]

Holly turned to rock music after seeing Elvis Presley sing live in Lubbock in early 1955. A few months later, he appeared on the same bill with Presley, also in Lubbock. Holly's transition to rock was finalized when he opened for Bill Haley & His Comets at a local rock show organized by Eddie Crandall, who was also the manager for Marty Robbins. As a result of this performance, Holly was offered a contract with Decca Records to work alone, which he accepted. According to the Amburn book (p. 45), his public name changed from "Holley" to "Holly" on February 8, 1956, when he signed the Decca contract. Among the tracks recorded for Decca was an early version of "That'll Be The Day," which took its title from a phrase that John Wayne's character said repeatedly in the 1956 film, The Searchers.^[6]

Back in Lubbock, Holly formed his own band, The Crickets and began making records at Norman Petty's studios in Clovis, New Mexico. Norman had music industry contacts and believing that "That'll Be the Day" would be a hit single, he contacted publishers and labels. Coral Records, a subsidiary of Decca, signed Buddy Holly and The Crickets. This put Holly in the unusual position of having two record contracts at the same time. Before "That'll Be The Day" had its nationwide release, Holly played lead guitar on the hit-single "Starlight", recorded in April, 1957, featuring Jack Huddle. The initial, unsuccessful version of "That'll Be The Day" played more slowly and about half an octave higher than the hit version

Holly managed to bridge some of the racial divide that marked rock n' roll music. While Elvis made black music more acceptable to whites, Holly won over an all-black audience when the Crickets were accidentally booked at New York's Apollo Theater (though, unlike the immediate response depicted in the 1978 movie The Buddy Holly Story, it actually took several performances for his talents to be appreciated).

After the release of several highly successful songs, Holly and the Crickets toured the United Kingdom in 1958.^[7]

That same year, he met Maria Elena Santiago (born 1935 in San Juan, Puerto Rico) while she was working as a receptionist for a New York music publisher. He proposed to her on their very first date. She initially thought he was kidding, but they were married in Lubbock, Texas on August 15, 1958, less than two months after they met. Maria traveled on some of the tours, doing everything from the laundry to equipment set-up to ensuring the group got paid.

The ambitious Holly became increasingly interested in the New York music/recording/publishing scene, while his easygoing bandmates wanted to go back home to Lubbock. As a result, in 1959, the group split up.

Holly began a solo tour with other notable performers, including Ritchie Valens and J.P. Richardson, "The Big Bopper". Two nights after a performance in Duluth, Minnesota, the three headliners gave their final show, at the Surf Ballroom in Clear Lake, Iowa on February 2, 1959. Afterwards, Buddy Holly chartered a Beechcraft Bonanza to take him and his new back-up band (Tommy Allsup, Carl Bunch, and Waylon Jennings) to Fargo, North Dakota. Carl Bunch missed the flight as he had been hospitalized for frostbite three days earlier. The Big Bopper asked Jennings for his spot on the four-seat plane, as he was recovering from the flu. Ritchie Valens was still signing autographs at the concert site when Allsup walked in and told him it was time to go. Allsup pulled a 50 cent coin out of his pocket and the two men flipped for the seat. Allsup lost.

The plane took off in light snow and gusty winds at around 12:55 A.M., but crashed after only a few minutes. The wreckage was discovered several hours later by the plane's owner, Jerry Dwyer, some 8 miles from the airport on the property of Albert Juhl. The crash killed Holly, Valens, Richardson, and the 21-year-old pilot, Roger Peterson. Holly's body had been thrown from the wreckage and hit a tree, nearly decapitating him. While theories abound as to the exact cause of the crash, an official determination of pilot error was rendered by the Civil Aeronautics Board (one of the predecessors of the Federal Aviation Administration). Although the crash received a good deal of local coverage, it was displaced in the national news by an accident that occurred the same day in New York City, when American Airlines Flight 320 crashed during an instrument landing approach at LaGuardia Airport, killing 65. Don McLean referred to it as "the Day the Music Died".

Holly's pregnant wife became a widow after barely six months of marriage and miscarried soon after.

Holly's funeral services were held at the Tabernacle Baptist Church in Lubbock, and his body was interred in the City of Lubbock Cemetery in the eastern part of the city. Holly's headstone carries the correct spelling of his surname (Holley) and a carving of his Fender Stratocaster guitar.

Buddy Holly's music didn't die with him. He had recorded so prolifically that his record label was able to release brand-new Buddy Holly albums and singles for 10 years after his death. Holly's simple demonstration recordings were overdubbed by studio musicians, to bring them up to then-commercial standards. The best of these records is probably the first posthumous single, the 1959 coupling of "Peggy Sue Got Married" and "Crying, Waiting, Hoping," produced by Jack Hansen, with added backing vocals by the Ray Charles Singers in simulation of an authentic Crickets record. "Crying, Waiting, Hoping" was actually supposed to be the "A" side of the 45, with the backup group effectively echoing Buddy's call-and-response vocal. The Hansen session, in which Holly's last six original compositions were overdubbed, was issued on the 1960 Coral LP The Buddy Holly Story, Vol. 2.

Buddy Holly continued to be promoted and sold as an “active” artist, and his records had a loyal following, especially in Europe. The demand for unissued Holly material was so great that Norman Petty resorted to overdubbing whatever he could find: alternate takes of studio recordings, originally rejected masters, “Crying, Waiting, Hoping” and the other five 1959 tracks (adding new surf-guitar arrangements), and even Holly's amateur demos from 1954 (where the low-fidelity vocals are often muffled behind the new orchestrations). The last new Buddy Holly album was Giant (featuring the single, “Love Is Strange”), issued in 1969. Between the 1959-60 Jack Hansen overdubs, the 1960s Norman Petty overdubs, various alternate takes, and Holly's undubbed originals, collectors can often choose from multiple versions of the same song.

Holly's music was sophisticated for its day, including the use of instruments considered novel for rock and roll, such as the celesta (heard on "Everyday"). Holly was an influential lead and rhythm guitarist, notably on songs such as "Peggy Sue" and "Not Fade Away". While Holly could pump out boy-loves-girl songs with the best of his contemporaries, other songs featured more sophisticated lyrics and more complex harmonies and melodies than had previously appeared in the genre.

Many of his songs feature a unique vocal "hiccup" technique, a glottal stop, to emphasize certain words in any given song, especially the rockers.^[8] Other singers (such as Elvis) have used a similar technique, though less obviously and consistently. An example is the start of the raucous "Rave On": "Weh-eh-ell, the little things you say and do, make me want to be with you-ou...". Or this, from "That'll Be the Day": "Well, you give me all your lovin' and your -turtle dovin'..." and "Peggy Sue": "I love you Peggy Sue - with a love so rare and tr-ue ..."

Contrary to popular belief, teenagers John Lennon and Paul McCartney did not attend a Holly concert; Tony Bramwell, a school friend of McCartney and George Harrison, did. Bramwell met Holly, and freely shared his records with all three. Lennon and McCartney later cited Holly as a primary influence ^[9](their band's name, The Beatles, was chosen partly in homage to Holly's Crickets). The Beatles did a cover version of "Words of Love" that was an almost perfect reproduction of Holly's version. Fan McCartney owns the publishing rights to Holly's song catalogue.^[10]

A young Bob Dylan attended the January 31, 1959 show, part of Holly's final tour. Dylan referred to this in his 1998 Grammy acceptance speech for his 1997 Time out of Mind winning Album of the Year:

“And I just want to say that when I was sixteen or seventeen years old, I went to see Buddy Holly play at Duluth National Guard Armory and I was three feet away from him...and he LOOKED at me. And I just have some sort of feeling that he was---I don't know how or why---but I know he was with us all the time we were making this record in some kind of way.”^[11]

Various rock and roll histories have asserted that the singing group The Hollies were named in homage to Buddy Holly. According to the band's website,^[12] although the group admired Holly (and years later produced an album covering some of his songs), their name was inspired primarily by the sprigs of holly in evidence around Christmas of 1962. However, the site also admits to a degree of uncertainty about that story.

The dramatic arc of Holly's life story inspired a Hollywood biographical film, The Buddy Holly Story. Star Gary Busey received a nomination for Academy Award for Best Actor for his portrayal of Holly. The movie was widely criticized by the rock community for its inaccuracies. This led Paul McCartney to produce and host his own tribute to Holly, titled The Real Buddy Holly Story. This authoritative video includes interviews with Keith Richards, Phil and Don Everly, Sonny Curtis, Jerry Allison, Holly's family, and McCartney himself, among others.

In 1987 Marshall Crenshaw portrayed Buddy Holly in the movie La Bamba, he is featured performing at the Surf Balroom and boarding the doomed airplane with Ritchie Valens and the Big Bopper. Crenshaw's version of Crying, Waiting, Hoping is featured on the La Bamba original motion picture soundtrack.

There were also successful Broadway and West End musicals documenting his career. Buddy - The Buddy Holly Story ran in the West End for 13 years.^[13]

Don McLean's popular 1971 ballad "American Pie" is inspired, at least in part, by the "The Day the Music Died" (the day of the plane crash).

Eddie Cochran, good friend and fellow rock 'n' roll pioneer was so distraught by the deaths of Holly, Valens and The Big Bopper that he recorded the song "Three Stars" as a tribute. Ironically, the song was not released until after Cochran's own premature death.

A 1980 Gyllene Tider song is called "Ska vi älska, så ska vi älska till Buddy Holly". ("If We Shall Make Love, We Shall Make Love (listening) to Buddy Holly").

The Smithereens' song "Maria Elena" is a Buddy Holly tribute as sung to his widow.

Phil Ochs famously sang a long tribute to Buddy Holly on the infamous Gunfight at Carnegie Hall album.

Mike Berry released a 1961 single called "Tribute to Buddy Holly". It was written by Geoff Goddard and produced by Joe Meek, who was a great Buddy Holly fan. In the USA, it was released on Coral, Buddy Holly's label.^[14]

Weezer's self-titled debut album features the band's popular single "Buddy Holly".

The Dixie Chicks mentioned him in "Lubbock or Leave It" on Taking The Long Way - "International airport / Quarter after nine / Paris, Texas, Athens, Georgia's not what I had in mind / As I'm getting down I lie to myself / 'cause this is the only place / That as you're getting on the plane you see Buddy Holly's face / I hear they hate me now just like they hated you / Maybe when I'm dead and gone, I'm gonna get a statue too."

Downtown Lubbock has a "walk of fame" with plaques to various area artists such as Glenna Goodacre, Mac Davis, Maines Brothers Band, and Waylon Jennings, with a life-size statue of Buddy by sculptor Grant Speed (1980), playing his Fender guitar, as its centerpiece. Downtown Lubbock also features Buddy Holly Avenue and the Buddy Holly Center, which is a museum dedicated to Texas art and music.

In 1988, Ken Paquette, a Wisconsin fan of the 1950s, erected a stainless steel monument depicting a steel guitar and a set of three records bearing the names of each of the three performers.^[15] It is located on private farmland approximately five miles north of Clear Lake. He also created a similar stainless steel monument to the three musicians near the Riverside Ballroom in Green Bay, Wisconsin. That memorial was unveiled on July 17, 2003.^[16]

The Surf Ballroom hosts an annual tribute on the anniversary of Holly's last performances.

Trivia sections are discouraged under Wikipedia guidelines. The article could be improved by integrating relevant items and removing inappropriate ones.

The 1998 film Six-String Samurai, a surreal romp through an alternate-timeline post-apocalyptic America (Russia bombed and then invaded the United States in 1957), features a rock-and-rolling martial arts hero named "Buddy" who sports familiar black horn-rimmed glasses and a tuxedo. The film follows Buddy's journey to "Lost Vegas," the last outpost of freedom in the world, to claim the crown of the recently-deceased King Elvis.

The science fiction novel Buddy Holly Is Alive and Well on Ganymede, by Bradley Denton (ISBN 0-688-10822-9 and ISBN 0-380-71876-6), begins when television sets throughout the world suddenly begin broadcasting a concert by an apparently living Buddy Holly, who says he is on Ganymede.

In Soul Music, part of Terry Pratchett's Discworld, a character by the name of Imp y Celyn appeared as a bard-come guitar-playing rocker from the fictional Cymric country of Llamedos. He became the Disc's greatest musician under the name Buddy in the Band with Rocks In, before dying in a cart crash (a reference to Buddy Holly as Imp's name translates as "bud of the holly").

"Oil", an episode of The Young Ones features Mike (Christopher Ryan) discovering Buddy Holly, alive and well and tangled in parachutes, in the attic of a house in London.

A fictional version of a young pre-fame Buddy Holly is a main character in an episode of Quantum Leap, working as a veterinarian's assistant.

In a Simpsons episode, "Colonel Homer", the manager of the recording studio fondly recalled how "Buddy Holly stood on this spot in 1958 and said, 'There is no way in hell, I am gonna record in this dump.'" In a later episode, Buddy Holly, Ritchie Valens and the Big Bopper appear on an Itchy and Scratchy cartoon. Itchy sabotages the plane's engine, resulting in the crash that kills the musicians and pilot Scratchy. In yet another episode, Lisa discovers Sideshow Bob had won election as mayor through votes by her two dead cats, Snowball I and Snowball II, as well as Buddy Holly, Ritchie Valens and the Big Bopper (whose tombstone reads "So Long Baaaby!").

In an episode of the MTV series, Clone High, Holly "guest stars", along with Ritchie Valens, the Big Bopper, and several other musicians who died in plane crashes.

Main article: Buddy Holly discography

1. ^ Buddy Holly - Singer/Songwriter. BBC.
2. ^ Buddy Holly - Singer/Songwriter. BBC.
3. ^ The Immortals: The First Fifty. Rolling Stoner Issue 946. Rolling Stone.
4. ^ Buddy Holly - Singer/Songwriter. BBC.
5. ^ Lubbock High School. Hutchinson Junior High.
6. ^ That'll Be the Day. Rollingstone.
7. ^ The Buddy Holly Story. Rick Thorne.
8. ^ Buddy Holly - Singer/Songwriter. BBC.
9. ^ http://everything2.com/index.pl?node_id=979603
10. ^ Sir Paul's fortune boosted. BBC.
11. ^ Bob Dylan 980225 at the Grammy Awards. The Starlight, Starbright Tour.
12. ^ http://www.hollies.co.uk/goldmineintro.html.
13. ^ Buddy Holly - Singer/Songwriter. BBC.
14. ^ http://www.geocities.com/shakin_stacks/mikeberry.txt Mike Berry biography
15. ^ Findadeath
16. ^ The Day the Music Died - Music Articles

• Remembering Buddy: The Definitive Biography of Buddy Holly, by John Goldrosen and John Beecher, Da Capo Press, 2001 ISBN 0306807157
• The Day The Music Died: The Last Tour Of Buddy Holly, The Big Bopper, And Richie Valens , by Larry Lehmer, Schirmer Trade Books , 2003 ISBN 0825672872

• http://www.buddyholly.com/ Official Site
• http://www.buddyhollyonline.com/ Buddy Holly Online
• http://www.buddythemusical.com/ "Buddy - The Buddy Holly Story" (musical)
• Buddy Holly Tribute at Digitaldreamdoor.com
• International Buddy Site
• Find A Grave Entry
• Day the Music Died; Info on crash, Coroner's Report etc.
• Geocaching - nearly 100 photos of crash site and logs of visits
• Buddy Holly at Last.fm
• Buddy Holly discography at MusicBrainz
• The Buddy Holly Recordings by Terry R. Shaw
• Buddy Holly Picture Gallery 100 photos, including childhood and wedding images
• Entry at the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame website
• Buddy Holly at Rollingstone
• Bob Montgomery 'Buddy and Bob' Biography
• Walk in Lubbock Texas from Statue to Center
• Daily Telegraph article by Julian Lloyd Webber
• http://www.rockabillyhall.com/BuddyHolly.html
• http://www.geocities.com/shakin_stacks/buddyholly.txt
• Buddy Holly Infrequent Collectors Disks of 78 Turns!
• Photographs of the Norman Petty Recording Studios - Where Buddy Holly Recorded