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Castel Gandolfo
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| Comune di Castel Gandolfo | |
|---|---|
 Municipal coat of arms |
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| Country |  Italy |
| Region | Lazio |
| Province | Rome |
| Mayor | Maurizio Colacchi (since May 2002) |
| Elevation | 426 m (1,398 ft) |
| Area | 14 km² (5 sq mi) |
| Population | |
| - Total | 6,927 |
| - Density | 495/km² (1,282/sq mi) |
| Time zone | CET, UTC+1 |
| Coordinates | |
| Gentilic | Castellani |
| Dialing code | 06 |
| Postal code | 00040 |
| Frazioni | Mole di Castel Gandolfo, Pavona |
| Patron | St. Sebastian |
| - Day | January 20 |
| Website: www.comune.castelgandolfo.rm.it | |
Castel Gandolfo is a small Italian town in Lazio that occupies a height overlooking Lake Albano about 30 km south-east of Rome, on the Alban Hills. It is best known as the summer residence of the Pope.
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Archaeological findings from the 16th century BC have been found in the area of what is now Castel Gandolfo.
The modern city occupies the site of ancient Alba Longa, capital of the Latin league. Its name is derived from a fortification of the ducal Gandolfi family (of Genoese origin, named after St. Gondolfus) in the 12th century, which passed to the Savelli family from whom the Apostolic Camera purchased it in 1596 for 150,000 scudi. Pope Clement VIII was the first pope to come to Castel Gandolfo, but the rebuilding of the old castle was the project of Urban VIII who first came in 1626.
- The Pope's summer residence (Residenza Papale in Italian) is a 17th century building designed by Carlo Maderno for Pope Urban VIII. The papal palace, and the adjoining Villa Barberini that was added to the complex by Pius XI have enjoyed extraterritorial rights since the signature of the 1929 treaty with Italy; the little piazza directly in front was renamed Piazza della Libertà in the first flush of Italian unity after 1870. The papal palace remained unused from 1870 until 1929. Popes Pius XII (1958) and Paul VI (1978) died at Castel Gandolfo.
- The site of the papal palace, rebuilt on the ruins of the former castle, partly occupies the foundations of a summer residence of the Emperor Domitian that occupied 14 km² (5.4 square miles). The residence was designed by the famous architect Rabirius. In the palace's inner courtyard is a Roman bust depicting Polyphemus, the Cyclops from whose cave Ulysses escaped; it was found in the nymphaeum of the Imperial villa's gardens, an artificially constructed grotto of the crater lake's outlet.
- The parish church, dedicated to St. Thomas of Villanova was designed by Bernini (1658-1661) on the order of the Chigi Pope Alexander VII. It has a square plant, and houses a notable pale by Pietro da Cortona portraying the Crufixion of Christ.
- The two telescopes of the Vatican Observatory, which were moved from Rome to Castel Gandolfo in the 1930s, were still used until the 1980s. The headquarters of the Vatican Observatory is still located in Castel Gandolfo. However, its dependent research center, the Vatican Observatory Research Group (VORG), is hosted by Steward Observatory at the University of Arizona, Tucson, USA. The telescopes are located in Mt. Graham, Arizona.
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- Official site
- Dr Hans-Joachim Kracht, "Historic villas overlook Lake Albano" from L'Osservatore Romano September 29, 1999
